Online Videos
(Chicago Manual 15.53, 14.280, and 15.3)
DVDs and Video Cassette Recordings
(Chicago Manual 14.274-14.275, 14.279, 15.3, and 15.33)
Sound Recordings
(Chicago Manual 14.274-14.276, 15.53, and 15.3)
Tips
In text, refer to the title and date of production, as well as the format. If you are citing a contribution of a particular individual, begin with that person's name, e.g. Gibson, Mel, perf. Mad Max.
For Podcasts or Vodcasts, replace "podcast with "vodcast" for appropriate format. If you listen of view podcast / vodcast online, cite it as you would a Web Page, if you download a podcast / vodcast cite it as a digital file, e.g. name the format at the end: MP3 or MP4 file.
Determining precisely the audio-visual resource you are using can be complicated and lead to frustration. Simply, audio-visual works are those available in a format allowing for the users to both see and hear the information content. Such sources include:
If you are uncertain, please contact your librarian.