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Chicago Manual of Style

This guide will help you with formatting your citations according to the Chicago Manual of Style guidelines.

About Citing Audiovisual Media

 

Online Videos

(Chicago Manual 15.53, 14.280, and 15.3)

  • cite sources in the running text of your paper instead of using in-text citations
  •  group sources in a separate section in reference list

DVDs and Video Cassette Recordings

(Chicago Manual 14.274-14.275, 14.279, 15.3, and 15.33)

  • cite audio-visual materials in the running text of your paper
  • group materials under a separate section or discography in the reference list

 Sound Recordings

(Chicago Manual 14.274-14.276, 15.53, and 15.3)

  • cite audio-visual materials in the running text of your paper
  • group materials under a separate section or discography in the reference list

 Tips

In text, refer to the title and date of production, as well as the format.  If you are citing a contribution of a particular individual, begin with that person's name, e.g. Gibson, Mel, perf. Mad Max.

For Podcasts or Vodcasts, replace "podcast with "vodcast" for appropriate format. If you listen of view podcast / vodcast online, cite it as you would a Web Page, if you download a podcast / vodcast cite it as a digital file, e.g. name the format at the end: MP3 or MP4 file.

 

Overview

 

Determining precisely the audio-visual resource you are using can be complicated and lead to frustration.  Simply, audio-visual works are those available in a format allowing for the users to both see and hear the information content.  Such sources include:

  • dioramas
  • planetarium
  • film projectors
  • slide projectors
  • overhead projectors
  • tape recorders
  • television
  • video (cassette)
  • camcorders
  • video projectors
  • interactive whiteboards
  • digital video clips (cameras, smartphones)

If you are uncertain, please contact your librarian.