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Learning Commons
Learning Commons
Learning Commons
All sources of information and data, whether quoted directly or paraphrased, are cited with parenthetical references in the text of your paper (pp. 260).
Example: (
All sources used in your paper are included in a References list.
Double-space your entire paper, including the References list (which is also formatted with hanging indentation) and any block quotes (pp.45).
Create a Running Head for your paper. (pp. 30)
Cites and Sources
An essential guide for social and behavioural science students, and this fourth edition has been updated to reflect ongoing changes in APA formatting, particularly in electronic formats. Students in the CYFS programs should use this resource for citing in APA format.
Concise Guide to APA Style
Concise Guide to APA Style, Seventh Edition is the official APA Style resource for students. Written for high school and undergraduate students, instructors, and writers learning APA Style, this easy-to-use pocket guide is adapted from the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. It provides complete guidance for new writers on effective, clear, and inclusive scholarly communication and the essentials of formatting papers and other course assignments. The seventh edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect best practices in scholarly writing and publishing. Full color throughout Content relevant to a range of majors and courses, including psychology, social work, criminal justice, communications, composition, education, business, engineering, and more New chapter focused on student papers Sample student title page, paper, and annotated bibliography Streamlined APA Style headings and in-text citations New chapter on writing style and grammar Chapters on punctuation, lists, italics, spelling, capitalization, abbreviations, numbers, and statistics Latest bias-free language guidelines More than 20 new sample tables and figures Comprehensive guidelines on citation to help writers credit their sources appropriately and avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism More than 100 new reference templates and examples, including traditional sources (e.g., journal articles, books, dissertations, and reports) plus many others (e.g., social media, webpages and websites, legal)
Publication Manual (OFFICIAL) 7th Edition of the American Psychological Association
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style. With millions of copies sold worldwide in multiple languages, it is the style manual of choice for writers, researchers, editors, students, and educators in the social and behavioral sciences, natural sciences, nursing, communications, education, business, engineering, and other fields. Known for its authoritative, easy-to-use reference and citation system, the Publication Manual also offers guidance on choosing the headings, tables, figures, language, and tone that will result in powerful, concise, and elegant scholarly communication. It guides users through the scholarly writing process-from the ethics of authorship to reporting research through publication. The seventh edition is an indispensable resource for students and professionals to achieve excellence in writing and make a impact with their work.
Whenever you consult a source while conducting research you must gather specific information about that source to create accurate and full citations.
For Books
(in addition, if you accessed an electronic book—or eBook—online:)
For Periodical Articles (journals, magazines, or newspapers)
(in addition, if you accessed the article online:
For Websites
Web pages are often inconsistent about this information; ask a librarian for help if you have trouble locating it.
Include all of the sources cited in your paper. The only exceptions to this rule are personal communications (emails, letters, etc.) and classical works (Bible, Qur'an, etc.) which are cited in the text of your paper but are not included in the References (p.260).
Include only the sources cited in your paper. In order for a source to be included in your References, it must be cited in the text of your paper( p. 253).
Arrange References in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author or, if there is no author, by the first word in the title (pp. 281).
If the References includes two or more works by the same author, list them in chronological order with the earliest first (p. 303).
Italicize book titles, journal titles, and volume numbers. Do not italicize the titles of or issue numbers of journal articles.
Double space the References (p.45).
Format each entry with a hanging indent (p. 46).
Use only the initial(s) of the author’s first and second names. (p.286).
When a URL divides between two lines, manually break it before a slash or dash (p.300).
The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University offers an online resource which can be used in some cases. However, it does not include everything required for citing sources in one place.
The APA citation style does not cover Canadian government sources, and has only a limited section on American government resources.
Please refer to the staff at the Library Reference Desk for clarification when citing Canadian government sources.